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Basma EL zein University of Business and Technology (UBT), Saudi Arabia

Basma EL zein

Absorption of sunshine, generation of charges carriers (electrons and holes), the separation of the electrons from holes and their transport to electrodes, area unit the sequence of events of solar power conversion. Completely different nanostructures are used within the structure of star cells, to boost its potency with easy producing method and low price. Zero dimensional nanostructures have gained interest because of their distinctive properties particularly calibration their band gap supported their size and multiple exciton generation. One dimensional nanostructures area unit promising for PV devices because of many benefits. they provide massive extent, high optical absorption across a broad spectrum, direct path for charge transport and high charge assortment potency. Graphene has recently emerged as an alternate to ITO substrate as associate conductor in star cells structure. With its outstanding electrical, physical and chemical properties, and high degree of flexibility and transparency; it's thought-about as a perfect candidate for versatile third generation star cells, the graphene star cells associate eco- inexperienced technology is about to a similar level of ITO primarily based star cells. This presentation is concerning presenting a versatile quantum dots hypersensitised star with graphene conductor. Photovoltaic devices permit the direct production of electricity from lightweight absorption. The active material in a very electrical phenomenon system could be a semiconductor capable of riveting photons with energies adequate or larger than its bandgap. Upon gauge boson absorption, an electron of the valence band is promoted to the physical phenomenon band and is unengaged to move through the majority of the semiconductor. so as for this free charge to be captured for current generation, decay to the lower energy level, i.e. recombination with the outlet within the valence band, has got to be prevented through charge separation.