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Central venous-to-arterial carbon dioxide difference as a useful complementary goal of fluid resuscitation for septic shock patients

Yan Chen, Jian Zhang, Yonggang Tian, Li Zhang, Yahong Li, Lujun Qiao

Introduction: Central venous oxygen saturation has inevitable limitation when it serves as a goal of fluid resuscitation. The objective of this study was to assess the capacity of central venous-to-arterial carbon dioxide difference (P(cv-a)CO₂) as a complementary marker to guide fluid resuscitation when ScvO₂ has reached its threshold in septic shock patients.

Methods: This is a singel-central, observational study of septic shock patient. Patients were randomly divided into two groups with ScvO₂ normalized and both ScvO₂ and P(cv-a)CO₂ normalized as a target of fluid resuscitated respectively. Compared the variables at the beginning of study (T0) and 6 h after fluid resuscitated (T6) for both groups. Lactate clearanc were calculated, and dose of vasoactive drugs, duration of mechanical ventilation and ICU stay and 28-day mortality were recorded.

Results: 68 septic shock patients were included in study. At T0, no defference were found between the two groups. Heart rate and lactic acid decreased significantly at T6 in both groups, but lactate clearance rate of ScvO₂+P(cv-a)CO₂ group (30.1 ± 17.2) were significantly higher than ScvO₂ group (21.6 ± 14.3) (p<0.05). Mechanical ventilation time and duration of ICU stay of ScvO₂+P(cv-a)CO₂ group were shorter than ScvO₂ group (11.7 ± 4.9 days vs. 14.7 ± 6.2 days and 9.3 ± 4.4 days vs. 13.2 ± 6.2 days respectively). No significant difference was observed in 28-days mortality for the two groups.

Conclusion: P(cv-a)CO₂ is a valuable complementay goal to guide the fluid resuscitation for septic shock patients. The inclusion of P(cv-a)CO₂ into resuscitation protocol would be a safely and effectively practice. But P(cv-a)CO₂ may not availably enough to serve as a predictor of prognosis and mortality.