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Joint effects of galaxolide and cadmium on soil microbial community function

Ze Lv, Xiaomin Hu, Jing An, Wei Wei

Background: Synthetic musk has been considered as emerging organic pollutant in pharmaceutical and personal care product pollution. Toxicology experiments show that it has potential developmental toxicity and endocrine disrupting effects. However, there is little concern regarding galaxolide and heavy metals as emerging pollutants in medicine and cleaning industry pollution of soil. In this paper, the joint effect of galaxolide and cadmium on soil microbial community function was studied.

Methods: Soil culture experiments and Biolog analyses.

Results: Results showed that the carbon sources utilizing ability of soil microorganisms have been improved under galaxolide and its combination with cadmium. The utilization efficiency of esters was the highest in the six kinds of carbon sources, while it was lower for sugars and acids. Under the joint stress of 500 and 1000 mg•kg^-1 galaxolide and cadmium, the Shannon index was significantly increased by 14.04% and 11.51% (p<0.05), the Simpson index was 54.64% and 41.49% (p<0.05), the McIntosh index was 224.12% and 179.51% (p<0.05), respectively.

Conclusions: The utilization of carbohydrate, esters, alcohols and carboxylic acids, as well as species richness and dominant population, were significantly promoted under the joint stress of 500 mg•kg-1 galaxolide and cadmium (p<0.05). The homogeneity of the population was broken after galaxolide addition.