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A case of Hashimotos encephalopathy failed to respond to steroids- A case report

Bhattacharjee B, Bhattacharya S, Majumdar D, Chakraborty S, Sardar B, Naskar A, Ghosh MK, Mallik S, Saha B

A 52-year-old hypothyroid presented with episodes of seizures in last ten days with altered behavior. CT scan of brain showed cerebral atrophy and MRI of brain revealed non-specific changes. In EEG, there was slow wave pattern. CSF study showed increased cell count with all lymphocytes and raised protein with normal glucose. Anti- TPO Antibody was positive. All relevant investigations like HIV, HBsAg, Anti- HCV Ab, ANA (Hep2 method), ANA profile, P-ANCA, c-ANCA, VGKC (voltage gated potassium channel) Ab, NMDA Receptor/Anti- Glutamate Antibody) Ab, VDRL were negative. She was given pulse doses of methylprednisolone followed by maintenance prednisolone. Then her GCS improved followed by sudden deterioration. Repeat CSF showed marginal decrement of protein and cell count. Then she was given IV Immunoglobulin and patient improved. At discharge her CSF study normalized. Anti-TPO Ab titre came to normal level and EEG normalized. Hashimoto’s encephalopathy(HE) should be suspected in a case of sub-acute encephalopathy with high levels of anti-thyroid antibodies may be with normal thyroid functions. Here the patient did not have improvement on steroids. The patient needed immunoglobulin to improve.