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ABO AND RH (D) BLOOD GROUPS DISTRIBUTION IN PAKISTAN: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW

Ghani Ur Rehman

The abo blood group system was the first discovered human blood type in 1901 by Land Steiner. The ABO and Rh system is a clinically significant blood group system and extensively recognized in medical and anthropological studies, among 29 human blood group systems. The study aims to determine the frequency distribution of ABO and Rhesus (Rh) blood group system in all-region and provinces of Pakistan. According to this study, the sequence distribution of the ABO blood groups in the Pakistani population is B with frequency (33.37%), followed by O (33.14%), then A (33.99%), and AB (9.74%). The phenotypic frequency observed was 0.2399, 0.3337, 0.0974, and 0.3314 for blood groups A, B, AB, and O, respectively. While for Rh (D) positive and negative, it was 0.9063 and 0.0937, respectively. The study concluded that blood group B is most prevalent, while group AB is the least prevalent. Rh-positive is commonest while Rh-negative is the rarest blood group in Pakistan.