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Nano 2020: Nanomaterials for adsorption of contaminants in water - Y. Vicente-MartÃÂnez - University Centre of Defence at the Spanish Air Force Academy, MDE-UPCT, Spain
Y. Vicente-MartÃnez
Currently, methods of water disinfection, decontamination and desalination can mitigate some of the problems related to water pollution. These treatment methods are generally chemically and energy intensive, so heavy investments are required. In addition, they are not able to eliminate the presence of some pollutants which are in very small concentrations, but that even at these levels involve a risk to society, such as drugs, detergents or heavy metals. Nanotechnology is the potential solution for long-term water forecasting with techniques such as filtration, the use of nanoparticles in catalysis and desalination. Moreover, with the development of nanotechnology, conventional techniques used in water treatment such as adsorption, flocculation and coagulation can be enhanced. Pharmaceuticals are products used in large doses in daily life considered as contaminants of emerging concern. Due to the large amounts of drugs consumed, the hydrogenic sources suffer from contamination processes that give rise to toxicological effects in humans despite its low concentrations. Many medicines considered as emerging contaminants are constantly detected in groundwater, wastewater treatment plants and water supply. The inefficiency of conventional methods used in water treatment plants to remove the contaminant motivates the development of effective methods to treat effluent contamination. Nanoparticles have been employed in recent studies to remove emerging pollutants from different media due to its very small size and high contact surface, thus achieving a high adsorption efficiency. Heavy metals present in water are also easily removed by emulating nanostructured adsorbents.
Water deficiency and contamination are not kidding difficulties for some nations. Nanomaterials are promising new instruments for water quality administration because of one of a kind physicochemical properties, high monetary advantage, high expulsion effectiveness and ecological amicability. Here we depict four sorts of nanomaterials utilized for water treatment: nanofiltration films, photocatalytic nanomaterials, adsorption nanomaterials and decreasing nanomaterials. We talk about their properties, applications and instruments for toxin expulsion. We likewise audit nanomaterials utilized for water quality checking, prominently nanomaterials utilized for the identification of follow toxins and microbes. These nanomaterials incorporate carbon nanotubes, attractive nanoparticles, honorable metal nanomaterials and quantum dabs.