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Study of the Relationship between Vitamin D Status in Acute Ischemic Stroke and Initial Severity and Short-Term Outcome in a Tertiary Level Hospital, Bangladesh

Aminur Rahman, Muhammad Jamil Ahmed, Abul Hasnat Russel, Mohammed Nazmul Huq, Md Nurul Amin Miah, Zahed Ali

Background: As per recent research, vitamin D, a neuroprotective prohormone, may serve as a defense against neurovascular injury. Low vitamin D levels had a modest risk of stroke and fatal stroke. Objective: This research aimed to see the relationship between vitamin D status relates to initial severity and short-term outcome in patients with acute ischemic stroke. Methods: The study included 51 patients with acute ischemic stroke and 51 matched healthy control participants. According to their levels of vitamin D, the subjects were split into three groups: deficient, insufficient, and sufficient. All patients underwent the modified Rankin Scale (mRS) at discharge and after three months, as well as the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) during admission and after 72 hours. Results: When compared to healthy participants (5.8%), acute ischemic stroke patients (9.8%) had considerably lower serum vitamin D levels. Serum vitamin D levels in patients ranged from 5 to 41 ng/ml, with a mean of 19.4 ng/ml. Serum vitamin D concentrations in controls ranged from 6 to 48 ng/ml, with a mean of 30.310.48 ng/ml. Stroke patients (66.7%) had considerably higher rates of vitamin D deficiency and insufficiency than healthy controls (51.9%). Serum vitamin D levels and NIHSS scores at admission and 72 hours later showed a significant connection (p=0.007). Additionally, a significant connection between serum vitamin D levels and mRS scores at discharge and three months later was found (p=0.004). Patients who reported having a major stroke were 11.2 times more likely to have 'insufficient' vitamin D (i.e., deficient and insufficient) (p=0.006). Conclusion: Vitamin D deficiency increases the risk of an acute ischemic stroke and is related to a worse short-term outcome as well as a more severe initial stroke.